Pac Man

        "How Pac-Man changed games and culture" by Christine Champagne is about the influence and originality of Pac-Man. The article was written because of how Pac-Man's 33rd anniversary was coming up. The purpose of this article was to show the influence Pac-Man had upon future videos and pop-culture at the time. The article uses logos by mention  how previous games were not as colorful and how none of them had the same mass appeal as Pac-Man did and how video games mostly attracted teenagers and men instead of both women and children at the time before Pac-Man. The article also refers to elements from the original Pac-Man game that are prevalent today such as avoiding pursuers or collecting objects to progress in the game. The article also uses pathos by mentioning how Pac-Man is easily recognizable among children, it can be enjoyed among numerous generations, and words and phrases like iconic, timeless, and a pop culture sensation. The author seems to avoid mentioning ethos during this article with few references to themselves inside of it.

Alien and sedition acts analysis

      The Alien and Sedition Acts were a series of acts passed in 1798 by the U.S. Government under the Federalist party. The federalists generally supported a stronger central government and loosely interpretted the constitution in order to pass laws they deemed necessary. The Alien and Sedition Acts gave the government the power to deport or imprison aliens and to fine or imprison those who spoke "libel" against the government. This caused great controversy because it violated the rights of the people to free speech. The federalist party often used these acts in order to imprison those who spoke out against their political beliefs so that they could remain fairly unopposed. The acts seem to primarily rely on pathos. They describe the actions done that would result in imprisonment as malicious or harmful to the general good of the people or that aliens would be involved in endangering peace and harming the government yet provide no real logos appeals to back up their claims. They do use logos however by stating the exact punishments for violating these crimes, which would deter people from committing acts through logic; they would not want to face the objective punishment given. The main ethos claim is that the speakers are the house of representatives, senators, and it is signed by the president; this shows officials elected by the people making the laws. 

Science and pseudoscience in adult nutrition research and practice

     The article is about how many nutritional claims are not proven scientifically. The speaker is Reynold Specter, a M.D. who also served as a professor of pharmacology, biochemistry, and medicine. He is writing this article because he views many "scientific" claims are false and possible harmful and he wants people to evaluate the credibility and accuracy of claims they see in order to be healthier. The article primarily relies on pathos in which he attacks the credibility of many nutritional claims and even states studies that show how excessive doses of certain vitamins are actually harmful to organisms. The article also used pathos because it does use words such as ludicrous, doomed, outrageous, etc. to create an emotional response against the lack of evidence in nutrition. The author does not refer to many of his own accomplishments in the field of medicine but he does make an appeal to ethos by aligning his beliefs in moderation with Aristotle, who is a respected philosopher( who ironically did not follow the scientific method at all). He often uses the rhetorical device of rhetorical questions by having his heading phrased as questions.